PS Injection Molding: GPPS vs HIPS Processing, Parameters, and Applications

Created on 01.19
PS injection moldingis widely used in consumer goods, electronics housings, medical disposables, and packaging products. Thanks to its low material cost, good dimensional stability, and easy processing, PS for injection molding remains a preferred choice for manufacturers seeking efficiency and consistency.
Among polystyrene materials, GPPS injection molding and HIPS injection molding are the two most common options. Even though they start with the same basic stuff, these materials act differently, look different, and are used in different situations. Knowing how they differ is super important for picking the right one and figuring out the best way to work with them.

Types and Properties of PS Materials

1. GPPS (General Purpose Polystyrene)

GPPSis a clear, hard type of polystyrene that's known for being shiny and keeping its shape well. People usually use it when how things look and how clear they are really matter.
Virgin Polystyrene (GPPS) or Crystal PS granules on a dark background, top view.

2. HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene)

HIPSis a type of polystyrene modified with rubber to make it stronger against impacts. While it's not as see-through, it's much tougher and lasts longer, which makes it a good choice for things like housings and everyday consumer goods.
colorful HIPS plastic granule

GPPS vs HIPS

Property
GPPS Injection Molding
HIPS Injection Molding
Transparency
High (clear or translucent)
Opaque
Impact Resistance
Low
High
Surface Finish
High gloss, mirror-like
Matte or semi-gloss
Processing Ease
Easy, narrow window
Easy, wider window
Cycle Time
Medium
Shorter
Material Cost
Lower
Slightly higher
Typical Applications
Clear cups, labware, cosmetic packaging
Toy housings, appliance panels, electronics shells
When it comes to making things with polystyrene, the injection molding process is easier than with some of the more complicated engineering plastics. PS melts easily and doesn't absorb much moisture, so you usually don't have to dry it beforehand. Both regular polystyrene (GPPS) and HIPS are easy to work with because they melt and shrink consistently. This makes PS a solid option for making lots of products quickly.

Key Processing Parameters for PS Injection Molding

Correct parameter control is essential for surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and cycle efficiency. Below are the 2026 mainstream recommended settings used in industrial production.

Recommended PS Injection Molding Parameters

Parameter
GPPS Injection Molding
HIPS Injection Molding
Melt Temperature
180–230 °C
190–240 °C
Mold Temperature
50–80 °C
30–60 °C
Injection Pressure
60–120 MPa
70–130 MPa
Holding Pressure
40–70% of injection
40–60% of injection
Screw Speed
Medium
Medium-high
Cooling Time
Medium
Short

Temperature Control Insights

  • PS injection molding temperature has a direct impact on surface finish and internal stress.
  • A higher mold temperature significantly improves surface gloss and transparency in GPPS injection molding, especially for optical or cosmetic parts.
  • A lower mold temperature helps HIPS injection molding achieve shorter cycle times while maintaining adequate toughness.
  • Excessively high melt temperatures may cause yellowing or brittleness, especially in GPPS.
These optimized settings ensure stable GPPS injection molding temperature and HIPS injection molding temperature control across different mold designs and production scales.
1600T servo injection molding machine for PP

Injection Machine Selection and Mold Design Considerations

1. Machine Selection Parameters for PS

Category
Recommended Range / Requirement
Technical Rationale (PS-Specific)
Screw Type
General-purpose or PS-optimized screw
PS has good flowability; no special barrier or mixing screw required
Screw L/D Ratio
18:1 – 22:1
Ensures uniform melting without excessive shear; higher L/D not necessary for PS
Screw Compression Ratio
2.0:1 – 2.5:1
Medium compression favors transparent and high-appearance PS; avoids shear overheating, yellowing, and silver streaks
Plasticizing Capacity
1.2–1.5× actual shot weight
Allows lower screw speed and stable melt temperature, improving surface gloss and color consistency
Barrel Temperature Control Range
Covers
180–280 °C
with fine zoning
Meets full PS processing window and allows precise adjustment
Temperature Control Accuracy
±1–2 °C (barrel & mold circuits)
Minimizes color variation, gloss inconsistency, and internal stress
Injection Pressure Rating
Medium pressure class (≈
67–96 MPa rated
)
Suitable for PS and other high-flow materials; complex parts may need higher class
Recommended Process Injection Pressure
80–140 MPa (actual use)
Adequate filling without excessive internal stress; thin-wall parts may approach upper limit
Shot Size Utilization
20–80% of machine max shot
Ensures stable metering and avoids long melt residence time that can cause degradation

2. Clamping Force and Mold Compatibility

For PS injection molding, the required clamping force is generally calculated using the projected area multiplied by an empirical constant (≈30–40 kN/cm² for PS), with an additional 10–20% safety margin. Because PS has good flowability, medium-pressure machines are usually sufficient. Make sure the mold fits, considering the size of the platen, the space between tie bars, and how far it opens. This is especially important for parts with deep cavities or that need to look good. Also, make sure there's enough room for cooling and vents to keep the surface smooth and production consistent.

3. Mold Design Focus

When designing the mold, keep in mind the material. For GPPS, the mold needs to be polished like a mirror to get that glossy, clear look. HIPS molds can have a regular polish or a slightly matte finish. Proper venting is critical for GPPS to avoid burn marks or haze, whereas HIPS benefits from balanced air release for high-speed filling. Both types need to prevent flashing and have a uniform ejection. GPPS parts need tighter control where the mold comes together and careful ejector design to avoid stress marks.

Conclusion

PS injection molding is still a good, cheap way to make lots of plastic stuff. Whether you pick GPPS for clear parts or HIPS for strong parts, polystyrene is easy to work with, does what you expect, and can be used for many things.
If you pick the right plastic, set the temp just right, and use the right machines, you can make lots of high-quality parts. If you need aPS molding solution, get in touch today. We can offer guidance and a fair price.

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